Tactics Tips And Tricks

Operating System Cheat Sheet

Windows

Using Pipe for outputs and utilizing in clipboard:

C:\> some_command.exe | clip

Retrieving information from the clipboard and saving it to a file: (Requires PowerShell 5)

PS C:\> Get-Clipboard > clip.txt

Adding timestamps to log files:

C:\> echo %DATE% %TIME% >> <TXT LOG>.txt

Remote addition/modification of registry keys:

C:\> reg add \\<REMOTE COMPUTER NAME>\HKLM\Software\<REG KEY INFO>

Remote retrieval of registry values:

C:\> reg query \\<REMOTE COMPUTER NAME>\HKLM\Software\<REG KEY INFO>

Checking and testing registry paths:

PS C:\> Test-Path "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\<HIVE>"

Remote copy of files:

C:\> robocopy C:\<SOURCE SHARED FOLDER> \\<DESTINATION COMPUTER>\<DESTINATION FOLDER> /E

Checking various file extensions in a path:

PS C:\> Test-Path C:\Scripts\Archive\* -include *.PS1, *.VBS

Displaying file contents:

C:\> type <FILE NAME>

Merging contents of several files:

C:\> type <FILE NAME 1> <FILE NAME 2> <FILE NAME 3> > <NEW FILE NAME>

Desktops, allowing creation of multiple display pages in Desktop: Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/enus/sysinternals/cc817881

Executing live:

C:\> "%ProgramFiles%\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" "https://live.sysinternals.com/desktops.exe"

Remote mounting and permitting Read and Read/Write:

C:\> net share MyShare_R=c:\<READ ONLY FOLDER> /GRANT:EVERYONE,READ
C:\> net share MyShare_RW=c:\<READ/WRITE FOLDER> /GRANT:EVERYONE,FULL

Executing a task remotely using PSEXEC: Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/enus/sysinternals/psexec.aspx

C:\> psexec.exe \\<TARGET IP ADDRESS> -u <USER NAME> -p <PASSWORD> /C C:\<PROGRAM>.exe
C:\> psexec @\<TARGET FILE LIST>.txt -u <ADMIN LEVEL USER NAME> -p <PASSWORD> C:\<PROGRAM>.exe >> C:\<OUTPUT FILE NAME>.txt

Executing a task and sending its result to a shared environment:

C:\> wmic /node:ComputerName process call create cmd.exe /c netstat -an > \\<REMOTE SHARE>\<OUTPUT FILE NAME>.txt"

Comparing changes between two files:

PS C:\> Compare-Object (Get-Content <LOG FILE NAME 1>.log) -DifferenceObject (Get-Content <LOG FILE NAME 2>.log)

Executing a task remotely using PowerShell:

PS C:\> Invoke-Command -ComputerName <COMPUTER NAME> {<PS COMMAND>}

PowerShell commands guide:

PS C:\> Get-Help <PS COMMAND> -full

Linux

Remote traffic inspection and analysis over ssh:

# ssh root@<REMOTE IP ADDRESS OF HOST TO SNIFF> tcpdump -i any -U -s 0 -w - 'not port 22'

Create a note or data entry in syslog:

# logger "Something important to note in Log"
# dmesg | grep <COMMENT>

Create a read-only mounting:

# mount -o ro /dev/<YOUR FOLDER OR DRIVE> /mnt

Remote Mounting over SSH:

# apt-get install sshfs
# adduser <USER NAME> fuse
Log out and log back in.
mkdir /<WHERE TO MOUNT LOCALLY>
# sshfs <REMOTE USER NAME>@<REMOTE HOST>:/<REMOTE PATH> /<WHERE TO MOUNT LOCALLY>

Creating an SMB share in Linux:

# useradd -m <NEW USER>
# passwd <NEW USER>
# smbpasswd -a <NEW USER>
# echo [Share] >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# echo path = /<PATH OF FOLDER TO SHARE> >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# echo available = yes >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# echo valid users = <NEW USER> >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# echo read only = no >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# echo browsable = yes >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# echo public = yes >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# echo writable = yes >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
# service smbd restart

Display Remote System Share:

> smb:\\<IP ADDRESS OF LINUX SMB SHARE>

Copy File Remotely to Another System:

> scp <FILE NAME> <USER NAME>@<DESTINATION IP ADDRESS>:/<REMOTE FOLDER>

Create Mount and SMB Shared Environment Remotely in Another System:

# mount -t smbfs -o username=<USER NAME> //<SERVER NAME OR IP ADDRESS>/<SHARE NAME> /mnt/<MOUNT POINT>/

Monitoring Websites and Files:

# while :; do curl -sSr http://<URL> | head -n 1; sleep 60; done

Alternative Method (Reference):

for i in `curl -s -L cnn.com | egrep --only-matching "http(s?):\/\/[^ \"\(\)\<\>]*" | uniq`; 
do curl -s -I $i 2>/dev/null | head -n 1 | cut -d$' ' -f2; sleep 60; done

Decoding

Hex Connection

Convert from hex to decimal in Windows:

C:\> set /a 0xff
255
PS C:\> 0xff
255

Other Mathematical Operations in Windows:

C:\> set /a 1+2
3
C:\> set /a 3*(9/4)
6
C:\> set /a (2*5)/2
5
C:\> set /a "32>>3"
4

Decrypt Base64 Text within a File:

C:\> certutil -decode <BASE64 ENCODED FILE NAME> <DECODED FILE NAME>

XOR Decryption, Search for http: Source: https://blog.didierstevens.com/programs/xorsearch/

C:\> xorsearch.exe -i -s <INPUT FILE NAME> http

Convert hex to decimal in Linux:

# echo "0xff" | calc -d
= 255

Convert decimal to hex in Linux:

$ echo "25" | calc -h
= 0xff

Decrypt HTML Strings:

PS C:\> Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web
PS C:\> [System.Uri]::UnescapeDataString("HTTP%3a%2f%2fHello%20World.com")
HTTP://Hello World.com

SNORT Tool

SNORT Rules

Snort Rules for Identifying Meterpreter Traffic: Source: https://blog.didierstevens.com/2015/06/16/metasploit-meterpreter-reverse-https-snort-rule/

alert tcp $HOME_NET any-> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg:"Metasploit User Agent String";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/4,0 (compatible\; MSIE 6.0\; Windows NT
5.1) l0d 0al"; http_header; classtype:trojanactivity;
reference:url,blog,didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618000;
rev:1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any-> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
( msg: "Metasploit User Agent St ring";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/4.0 (compatible\; MSIE 6,1\; Windows NT) l0d
0al"; http_header; classtype:trojan-activity;
reference:url,blog,didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618001;
rev: 1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any-> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg: "Metasploit User Agent String";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/4,0 (compatible\; MSIE 7,0\; Windows NT
6.0) l0d 0al"; http_header; classtype:trojanactivity;
reference:url,blog.didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618002;
rev: 1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any-> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg:"Metasploit User Agent String";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/4,0 (compatible\; MSIE 7,0\; Windows NT
6,0\; Trident/4,0\; SIMBAR={7DB0F6DE-8DE7-4841-9084-
28FA914B0F2E}\; SLCCl\; ,Nl0d 0al"; http_header;
classtype:trojan-activity;
reference:url,blog.didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618003;
rev: 1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg:"Metasploit User Agent String";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/4.0 (compatible\; Metasploit RSPEC)l0d 0al";
http_header; classtype:trojan-activity;
reference:url,blog,didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618004;
rev: 1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg:"Metasploit User Agent String";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/5,0 (Windows\; U\; Windows NT 5,1\; en-US)
AppleWebKit/525,13 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/4.0.221.6 Safari/525,13l0d 0al"; http_header;
classtype:trojan-activity;
reference:url,blog.didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618005;
rev: 1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
( msg: "Metasploit User Agent St ring";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible\; Googlebot/2.1\;
+http://www.google.com/bot.html) l0d 0al";
http_header; classtype:trojan-activity;
reference:url,blog,didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618006;
rev: 1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg: "Metasploit User Agent St ring";
flow:to_server,established; content:"User-Agentl3al
Mozilla/5,0 (compatible\; MSIE 10,0\; Windows NT
6,1\; Trident/6,0) l0d 0al"; http_header;
classtype:trojan-activity;
reference:url,blog.didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quic
kpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/; sid:1618007;
rev: 1;)

Snort Rules for Detect PSEXEC:

https://github.com/John-Lin/dockersnort/blob/master/snortrules-snapshot- 2972/rules/policy-other.rules

alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $HOME_NET [139,445]
(msg:"POLICY-OTHER use of psexec remote
admin ist rat ion tool"; flow: to_server, established;
content:" IFFISMB1A2I"; depth:5; offset:4;
content:"ISC
.00 I p I 00 Is I 00 I e I 00 Ix I 00 I e I 00 I c I 00 I s I 00 Iv I 00 I c" ;
nocase; metadata:service netbios-ssn;
reference:url,technet.microsoft.com/enus/
sysinternals/bb897553.aspx; classtype:policyviolation;
sid:24008; rev:1;)
alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $HOME_NET [139,445]
(msg:"POLICY-OTHER use of psexec remote
administration tool SMBv2";
flow:to_server,established; content:"IFEISMB";
depth:8; nocase; content:"105 001"; within:2;
distance:8;
content:"Pl001Sl00IEl00IXl00IEl00ISl00IVl00ICl00I";
fast_pattern:only; metadata:service netbios-ssn;
reference:url,technet.microsoft,com/enus/
sysinternals/bb897553.aspx[l]; classtype:policyviolation;
sid:30281; rev:1;)

Signature of DOS and DDOS Attacks

Methods of DoS and DDoS Attacks: Source: https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/PCAP-Files-Are-Great-Aren-t-They–/

Based on Volume: For example, bandwidth usage reaches from 1 GB to 10 GB. Source: http://freecode.com/projects/iftop

# iftop -n

Based on Various Protocols: Using different protocols For example, SYN Flood, ICMP Flood, UDP flood

# tshark -r <FILE NAME>.pcap -q -z io,phs
# tshark -c 1000 -q -z io,phs
# tcpdump -tnr $FILE | awk -F '. ' '{print $1","$2"."$3","$4}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail
# tcpdump -qnn "tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn) != 0"
# netstat -s

For example, it targets only one protocol

# tcpdump -nn not arp and not icmp and not udp
# tcpdump -nn tcp

Connection State: For example, the firewall can manage 10,000 concurrent connections, and the attacker sends 20,000

# netstat -n | awk '{print $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head

Applications: Layer 7 Attacks For example, HTTP GET flood, for high-volume image files.

# tshark -c 10000 -T fields -e http.host | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n 10
# tshark -r capture6 -T fields -e http.request.full_uri | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n 10
# tcpdump -n 'tcp[32:4] = 0x47455420' | cut -f 7- -d ":"

For example, requests for archive files, GIF, ZIP, JPEG, PDF, PNG are unusual.

# tshark -Y "http contains \"ff:d8\"" || "http contains \"GIF89a\"" || "http contains \"\x50\x4B\x03\x04\"" || "http contains\xff\xd8" " || "http contains \"%PDF\"" || "http contains \"\x89\x50\x4E\x47\""

For example, pay attention and review the ‘user-agent’ amount in the web request.

# tcpdump -c 1000 -Ann | grep -Ei 'user-agent' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -10

For example, check the requested source headers.

# tcpdump -i en0 -A -s 500 | grep -i refer

Review HTTP requests to identify suspicious or dangerous patterns:

# tcpdump -s 1024 -l -A dst <EXAMPLE.COM>

Poisoning or Poison: Layer 2 Attacks For example, ARP poison, race condition DNS, DHCP

# tcpdump 'arp or icmp'
# tcpdump -tnr <SAMPLE TRAFFIC FILE>.pcap ARP | awk -F ',' '{print $1"."$2","$3","$4}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail
# tshark -r <SAMPLE TRAFFIC FILE>.pcap -q -z io,phs | grep arp.duplicate-address-detected

Toolset Prepared Machines and Operating Systems

KALI - Open Source Pentesting Distribution Source: https://www.kali.org

SIFT - SANS Investigative Forensics Toolkit Source: http://sift.readthedocs.org/

REMNUX - A Linux Toolkit for Reverse-Engineering and Analyzing Malware Source: https://remnux.org

OPEN VAS - Open Source vulnerability scanner and manager Source: http://www.openvas.org

MOLOCH - Large scale IPv4 packet capturing (PCAP), indexing and database system Source: https://github.com/aol/moloch/wiki

SECURITY ONION - Linux distro for intrusion detection, network security monitoring, and log management Source: https://security-onionsolutions.github.io/security-onion/

NAGIOS - Network Monitoring, Alerting, Response, and Reporting Tool Source: https://www.nagios.org

OSSEC - Scalable, multi-platform, open source Host-based Intrusion Detection System Source: http://ossec.github.io

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